Local (national) surplus energy stored also locally (home battery, chargings cars, powering local industry from renewables at moments it isn't needed elsewhere), so all kinds of buffers. To also use it within the same country at other moments.
Diversify solar wind and thermal etc
Exchange cross-borders despite geopolitical risc. Countries with more sun hours or more steady wind or abundant geothermal sources or more hydro ... could export their surplus or capacity but also import.
For solar: if storage exceeds need, the daytime countries at any moment should power the nighttime countries, but only to balance local smart grids I think?
As a #2 person, when my level-of-current-knowledge hits a ceiling and I ask for technical advice in forums or lemmy or even social media, it often comes from a #1 person.
Assuming its specialized knowledge few other #2 have.
Half the time I get an answer (about what and how) AND background explanation (giving context and WHY).
But half the other time a #1 doesnt realize easy things for them are hard for me. When they are miles ahead their answer assumes I have a host of other skills already in place. But I dont know what I don't know so I dont ask for them.
But ... every answer from a helpfull stranger is appreciated. Just bridging knowledge is hard.