It was broken almost everywhere a while ago in the way you are describing, it's now pretty solid, but Canonical seriously screwed it up on 24.04 by breaking its dependencies so almost nothing works. Wouldn't be surprised if it's broken on Debian too, especially since that's likely an ancient version by now.
That makes sense, it's exactly what happened to me but I got the generic version of Concerta instead.
It kept me shut up, and it kept my conservative parents happy that they no longer had to deal with an autistic child, then wondered why I never developed as a person until I was out of the house.
You don't need to go to a specialist, but it definitely helps. I've had therapists deny my childhood autism diagnosis because they have no clue what to look for in a masking individual.
Psych through a therapist is cheaper and easier in my experience.
There is no such thing as "normal", just "rejected". Society needs to adjust because autism ain't going away.
To get a diagnosis, you need to see a psychologist through a therapist, afaik doctors don't usually hand out autism diagnoses. Seek psych clinics that specialize in neurodivergence.