A variety of factors have allowed Russia to continue profiting from strong oil revenue,
IDK the biggest energy company in Russia Gazprom recently posted losses for 2023. That was BEFORE Ukraine began to target Russian refineries and oil depots.
Also the strategy was to LOWER Russian profits, so oil production keeps going, to prevent global oil prices from exploding, but make it so Russia has as little profit as possible.
Apparently that strategy has worked extremely well, and with Ukrainian attacks on refineries, the effect will probably more than double, as Russia now needs to export crude oil, and re-import it as refined products, to sustain both the war effort and the population. Further stressing the Russian economy, but still without harming global oil prices.
It's very clever IMO, and it must be extremely frustrating for the Russians.