grue , (edited )

All of them used to be, yes, but with advancements in technology that allow the heat pump to work at colder temperatures while keeping a reasonable coefficient of performance, it's becoming less and less necessary for folks in hot climates (and by that I mean places as far north as Chicago, at least according to the Technology Connections guy (@techconnectify)).

See also:

https://www.ecohome.net/guides/3785/do-heat-pumps-need-a-backup-heat-source/

https://www.hunker.com/12293769/heat-pumps-with-auxiliary-heat-vs-without-auxiliary-heat

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