I haven't had time to look into this, but I think this might be the right track. Is it possible for docker to get volumes mixed up? Like, could there be a duplicate dB volume and when the stack gets restarted, docker picks one or the other?
To answer your question, I'm running docker 26.1.1 on Ubuntu server 22.04.4 LTS
The system is on an ssd and the storage is a three disk raid5