In his #handbook article Işıksel gives an overview on Ottoman adminstration concerned with diplomatic affairs and Ottoman #emdiplomacysSources, thus giving us insights into the functioning of #emdiplomacy.
He thereby stresses that there’s still much research to do, especially with regard to Ottoman #emdiplomats, their social backgrounds and their education.
Işıksel further explores the spheres of diplomatic activities of the Ottoman Empire: missions abroad, Istanbul as a central hub for #emdiplomacy and its involvement in congress diplomacy.
He finally argues that we should be careful not see the Ottoman Empire as a passive actor that was slowly integrated into European #emdiplomacy. Instead these processes were complex and multidimensional with the Ottomans adapting things according to their own ideas. (7/7)