Cool video, fellow Albbertan! (And at the end, I thibk you were riding along beside Deerfoot north of 32nd, so fellow Calgarian.)
I'd love to see a breakdown of the true innovations that draw the line from Singer to modern day. Surr materials have improved, but that's incremental. The freewheel and the derailleur are fundamental new innovations. Rim brakes improved over a century, but weren't really new. Disc brakes might qualify as a true innovation. And of course, pneumatuc tires - every few years an attempt to replace them fails once again, because they were an absolute miracle.
I'd also love to see a discussion of what might be, if it weren't for the UCI's punitive rules.