Have you had other monitors working from the laptop? From that port?
You might need to RMA the monitor.
You've tried other cables, and if it's all fine with other monitors then it points at bandwidth over the HDMI connection (ruled out by using a lower resolution/refresh rate) or it points at the monitor itself.
Disabling it in device manager is such an odd fix, it is nothing I've even remotely heard of, seen or come across. Googling around it is turning up nothing.
It hints at a software issue, but that might be a red herring. Disabling the device might make windows send "safe" resolution, refresh rate, bit depth, HDR etc. so if a dodgy port/cable/monitor can't handle the higher bandwidth, the safe signal is lower bandwidth and hides the underlying issue.
But it feels like that has been ruled out.
Maybe contact the manufacturer, see if they can help? Make a list of everything you have tried, and what happened. That way, you can hopefully break through T1 support or get a fast RMA approval