Yeah I just started using Linux half a year ago and tried a few distros and DEs, but GNOME "disks" is just the easiest way to set up auto mounting and is available on any package manager I came across so far.
Definitely ddrescue. Unlike traditional dd, it can deal with failing drives, it's operation is resumable, and has some other features that's helpful. I would recommend using it even if your drive is fine.
What it produces is a byte for byte copy just like dd.
After learning how to install medicat i discovered ventoy. With ventoy you can copy and paste how ever many bootable iso files you like into it and run them all from the same drive/partition from a selectable boot menu. It's amazing, I won't be using dd anymore for boot disks.
Careful where you point that thing. I unintentionally disrupted someone's life by introducing them to ventoy. Now they have been distrohopping like crazy because of how easy it is.
Clonezilla has been my goto backup / restore solution for years. I've used it on everything from RaspberryPi SD Cards to a Dell Poweredge server with PERC RAID controller (because some fool setup the wrong RAID parameters).
I didn't know about Rescuezilla though... so thanks for that.
Ones I have used: GNOME Disks' create and restore image features. Possibly Mint's mintstick for writing a distro's .iso out to a USB stick. I am not too sure on that.
I assume old-school dd still works as well, which might be a better option for scripted backups or minimal systems.
No need for all these new-fangled tools when good ol' dd does the job just fine. (Though they certainly reduce the chance of accidentally nuking the wrong disk).