It's only a personal anecdote but I've heard of places such as Dubai where antibiotics are available without prescription and there is no advice/reminder to finish the course, so people stop when they feel better leading to higher chances of antibiotic-resistant strains surviving.
Not much we can do to stop that behaviour, but remember to finish your antibiotics if you are prescribed them.
If anything, seems like waste removal would happen during exercise, when your heart rate is up and the blood is flowin'. Sleep can still do other restorative things without flushing toxins
Considering heart rate and blood pressure is usually lowest during sleep, that would be a reasonable hypothesis. But admittedly it makes as much sense as the current common explanation of brain cleaning during sleep.
Drosophila Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) Model. TBI methods used for this study have been previously described [18,19]. Briefly, pretreated flies were anesthetized, placed in 2 mL screw cap tubes (10 flies/tube), and allowed to recover before being placed in the Omni Bead Ruptor-24 homogenizer (Omni International, Kennesaw, GA). Adult control and treated flies were pretreated for 3 days with different compounds before exposure to 10 mild trauma bouts (mild traumatic brain injury [mTBI] 10x, 2.1 m/s) at 1 week of age [19]. Following injury, flies were returned to vials containing treated media and maintained using standard culturing conditions. The number of dead flies was counted starting 48 h following trauma and then 3 times weekly for the remainder of the study, and the data were used to establish mortality indexes (MI) and longevity profiles. The percentage of dead flies described as weekly MI of treated cohorts after mTBI (10x) exposure for 1, 2 and 3 weeks was calculated. Data were normalized for total flies/cohort. Each condition includes between 110 and 235 flies (n = 110–235).
I’m pretty sure all the times I smoked out of a crushed soda can in high school still counteracts any benefit, but it’s good to know that wasn’t necessarily a double whammy (pending more definitive research)
In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, event-driven superiority trial, we enrolled patients 45 years of age or older who had preexisting cardiovascular disease and a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 27 or greater but no history of diabetes.
Results
A total of 17,604 patients were enrolled; 8803 were assigned to receive semaglutide and 8801 to receive placebo. The mean (±SD) duration of exposure to semaglutide or placebo was 34.2±13.7 months, and the mean duration of follow-up was 39.8±9.4 months. A primary cardiovascular end-point event occurred in 569 of the 8803 patients (6.5%) in the semaglutide group and in 701 of the 8801 patients (8.0%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.72 to 0.90; P<0.001). Adverse events leading to permanent discontinuation of the trial product occurred in 1461 patients (16.6%) in the semaglutide group and 718 patients (8.2%) in the placebo group (P<0.001).
Conclusions
In patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease and overweight or obesity but without diabetes, weekly subcutaneous semaglutide at a dose of 2.4 mg was superior to placebo in reducing the incidence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke at a mean follow-up of 39.8 months.
(Funded by Novo Nordisk; SELECT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03574597.)
I don't know much about medical research, but it seems like they're not really testing whether the benefit comes from the weight loss or from some other mechanism. i.e. if the subjects could lose weight through some other means, would they still gain the benefit?
This is fantastic news, but they kind of buried the lede here:
A separate study looking at a new slimming jab has found that it could be much more effective than those already on the market. Retatrutide, a weekly injection, works by suppressing appetite and also by helping the body burn more fat, according to its phase 2 clinical trial.
The trial of 338 participants living with obesity showed that participants lost 24% of their body weight over a 48-week period. [emphasis added] Researchers say it is more effective for weight loss than Ozempic or Wegovy, which only work by suppressing appetite.
That's a quarter of a person's mass in less than a year. For persons with obesity, that's absolutely insane. It's better than gastric bypass surgery (and depending on your perspective, comparing risk of complications, long-term compliance requirements, and potential side effects, semaglutide already is). It would be like taking semaglutide and also taking meth for a year, but without ruining your life.
Now if only the taxpayers who paid for the research owned the patent. ...
The only determining force in their lives is to be contrarian. They can't tolerate the "gubmint" telling them something's dangerous. They'll show us how safe it really is, no matter how many people die doing so.
No, but first it would rampage through their own communities. Maybe those people drinking pasteurized milk will have gained immunity from the contact with virus fragments.
"It's a huge thing that the virus has jumped from birds to mammals, dairy cows in this case, and then to humans," Presley said.
I just don’t get why transmission to humans is considered a question. Transmissions to mammals is happening. We are mammals. We aren’t special. We need to stop acting like we’re something different so leopards don’t eat our stupid faces.
I don’t question that the quoted person knows what they are talking about, but that quote perpetuates the idea that H5N1 is a long shot when we already have people playing freedom about milk.
Mammals are not identical and there are a ton of diseases that do affect multiple species and a lot more that don't.
Opossums rarely, if ever, get rabies. Bats tend to get diseases without suffering from them, but are great incubators for diseases to mutate so they can spread to other mammals. Feline lukemia is extremely contagious between cats, but has never spread to humans.
It is not that humans are special, but that diseases are not universally transmitted between species.
This is a big deal because the bird to cow to human transmission doesn't have a precedent. No scientist who studies disease thinks transmission is impossible, since diseases can mutate.
You just picked a mammal with one of the most unique immune systems and one that is a completely different class of mammal of which very few exist tbf. Many diseases can only affect a very small handful of even quite related species though. There are diseases that affect some apes but not others.
there are hundreds of diseases that exist in mammals like dogs and bats which do not transmit to humans. when a new one does, it's a big deal, all the time, every time. especially one that has crossed the taxonomic bridge from avians to mammals. for fucks sake.
giving countless people the idea that this is a very big deal, is dangerous, and something to pay attention to, what is it now, 4 years after the start of a worldwide pandemic which saw millions of lives simply wiped off the board, and the global economy brought to a standstill, is precisely the message which should be broadcast. we were not ready for COVID, and we are STILL not prepared for the next one, because it costs the wrong people, too much time, effort, and money to be ready.
There have been almost 1000 confirmed H5N1 cases in humans over the past 20 years, and over that time it's infected many different mammals. What's different this time is the virulent cattle-to-cattle transmission happening in the US. A human catching it from close contact with an infected animal is not unusual
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